初中英语主系表结构梳理.doc

主系表 1 状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词 （1）Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词做表语) （2）The machine is out of order. (介词短语做表语) （3）The television was on.(副词做表语) （4）His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式做表语) （5）My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) （6）The question is what you want to do. (从句做表语，即：表语从句) 2 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度 The door remained closed. (过去分词做表语,remain意为“仍然”处于某种状态) The teacher asked the twelfth of us to remain after school. (vi 留下；剩下) （2）The shop stays open till seven oclock. (stay 意为“保持某种状态”) I stayed at a hotel in New York. （stay 是不及物动词，留下，逗留，暂住） （3）The book lies open on the table. The snow lies thick on the ground. (“表示所处状态”) I am lying on the bed. India lies to the south of China. (躺；位于) （4）How do things stand at the moment? Stand still! (情况如何，处于某种状态) Stand up, please! （5）With the wind it’s so difficult to keep warm. (如：keep warm, keep safe, keep silent, keep dry) We are going to keep the house in Beijing and rent it out. (保留) 3 表象系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有： (1) Anna does not seem sure. It seems that someone left the building unlocked last night. (2) Lucy appears upset. Lily appears calm. (3) How do I look in this dress? You look like one million dollars. You look as if you have not slept all night. 4 感官系动词 （1） Your hands feel cold(“摸起来有某种感觉”) The doctor feels my belly( 触摸) （2）Your story sounds interesting(“听起来”) He sounds the bell loudly(敲响) （3）The milk tastes sour.(“吃或喝起来…..”) taste some of this cake.(“尝”) （4）That soup smells delicious.(smell good, nice, spicy) We must clean the bird cage –it is starting to smell. 5 变化系动词 表示主语变成什么样子 （1）Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. He has gone blind. go 意为“变为”多跟形容词，变化通常是由好变坏。短语搭配：go wrong, go bad, go mad, go hungry, go dead and go against. （2）The sky turns pink.(天空一片红霞) He turned writer two years ago. turn 意为“变为”，多和颜色相搭配。在名词做表语时，不定冠词要省略。 (3) They are getting richer and richer. become 与 get 作为变化系动词，可以由好变坏，也可以由坏变好。(4) My dream has come true. Wrong never comes right. The h