张众-雅思基础语法.pptVIP

2009暑假班 雅思基础语法 苏州新东方学校 张众 zhangzhongchina@ 本课程主要内容 基本原则 句法及其应用 词法及其应用 教材练习讲解 雅思语法的黄金规则 规则一：一个句子有且只有一个谓语。 I go to school. 规则二：逗号不能连接两个句子。 He hurts me, I forgive him.(×) 规则三：介词后面必有宾语。 look down upon the colored 规则四：如果句子有连词连接，则两个分句有各自的谓语。 Although he hurts me, I forgive him. 开篇思考：意志的表达 1. 助动词 Tomorrow will be a holiday. Tomorrow shall be a holiday. shall: 由ought to演变而来。 表示义务、不可抗力、客观上。 will: 由wish演变而来。 表示主观意愿、主观期望、愿意。 发号施令，即“我希望”、“你必须”： I will / you shall / he shall… He shall be the first in the examination. 表示客气，即“你不必勉强”、“请自愿”： you will / he will / she will… He will be the fist in the examination. 我怕我会失败，但我希望你会成功。 “我失败”：客观力量导致，所以才“怕”； “你成功”：我的主观希望。 I fear…, but I hope… I fear I shall fail, but I hope you will succeed. 因此，助动词的组合，分为两种： 单纯未来：I shall, you will, he will… 没有说话人的主观意志，自己是“义务的”，别人是“自愿的”。 个人意志：I will, you shall, he shall… 受说话人主观意志的影响，自己是“愿意的”，别人是“有义务的”。 2. 单纯未来 I shall, you will, he will…（单） we shall, you will, they will…（复） 只要不加入自己或他人的意志，都可以用“单纯未来”的表达。 具体可分为8种情况。 （1）Natural Development I shall be very old after 50 years. If you are diligent, you will learn well. （2）External Necessity You must keep the pills, because you will need them by and by. （3）Emotional Changes I shall be glad to hear from you. He will be sorry for it afterwards. （4）Coming up of Perceptions You will find what I say is true. I shall feel the want of your assistance. （5）General Expectation If he does not give up gambling, he will go bankrupt. I fear I shall fail. （6）Common Duty After firing the servant, you will take upon yourself all the household work. （7）Pre-Arrangement I shall be in Japan during the summer vacation. He will not be at home, for he has to attend a meeting. （8）Positions of Passivity If he does not amend, he will be dismissed. 3. 个人意志 I will, you shall, he shall… We will, you shall, they shall… 我“要”…（主观） 你“应当”…（义务） 表示发言者本人的期望，以及对方的义务、责任。 I will have somebody help me. I will have the work done in one hour. 所谓“意志”，包含了“意”和“志”。 意——意愿（willingness），心甘情愿。 I will always love you.