英语教学中的测试与评价方法.pptVIP

Testing Assessment in ELT英语教学中的测试与评价方法 Outline 1. A sketchy history 2. Types of language tests 3. Testing techniques 4. Criteria for good language tests 5. Constructing multiple-choice questions 6. Critical discussion 1. History of Langauge Testing and Assessment A Sketchy History 1.1 Pre-scientific Stage 前科学阶段 1.2 Psychometric-Structuralist Testing Stage 心理测量学-结构主义测试阶段 1.3 Integrative-Sociolinguistic Testing Stage  综合-社会语言学测试阶段 1.4 Pragmatic and Communicative Testing Stage 语用交际测试阶段 1.1 Pre-scientific Stage Before the 1940s Grammar-translation method 语法翻译法 Traditional testing approach Traditional Testing Approach What: grammatical rules, word formation, word usage How: written test, no oral test Question type: subjective, like translation, composition, written questions 1.2 Psychometric-Structuralist Testing心理测量-结构主义测试 Since the 1950s Theoretical guidance Features Audiolingual method 听说法 Discrete-point testing approach(分项测验/分立式测验) 理论基础： 语言学中的结构主义语言观：语言=语音+词汇+句式+语法，语言能力可以分解为具体的部分来考查。 心理学中的行为主义教育论：刺激反应式学习方式，反复练习。 心理测量学：依据一定的心理学理论，运用一定的操作程序，把人的知识、能力、性格、态度等心理特性和行为进行量化。 Emphasizing reliability （信度）and validity （效度） Emphasizing objective and accurate assessment, Objective questions dominate, particularly multiple choices. Analyzing testing results statistically Enjoying a high reliability 信度高 Discrete-point Testing A question only assesses one language point Testing: conducted at different levels of language structure 语言层面 Language proficiency：being assessed from the aspects of listening, speaking, reading and writing 技能层面 1.3 Integrative-Sociolinguistic Testing 综合-社会语言学测试 Since the mid-1970s （动态语言观） Integrative skill tests 综合技能测试 Assess a learners ability to use many bits at the same time. Question types：cloze//composition/oral interview, etc. 1.4 Pragmatic Communicative Testing Stage语用交际测试阶段 From the 1980s (功能语言观) Communicative approach From language usage to language use Pragmatic approach Integrity of language/whole language Assessing