国际贸易实务英语 刘法公 H新版9.doc

Unit Nine Export Payment In international trade practice, the buyer is obliged to pay the seller the agreed amount, in the agreed currency, within the agreed period of time and by the agreed method of payment. Therefore, it is of essential importance to define in a written contract the various terms for payment. 9.1 The Amount of Payment Generally speaking, the actual amount of payment is what is given in the written contract. But sometimes they are different. For the actual payment of the goods may be adjusted in accordance with the more or less clause, the price adjustment clause, or the exchange clause. Also, some contracts may stipulate that additional charges or expenses, such as the optional port charges and port congestion charges under CFR or CIF, additional expenses for special packing upon the request of the buyer, etc., should not generally be included in the price of the goods and should be paid by the buyer separately. It is the general practice that the actual payment will be effected against the full invoice value of the goods and the receipts of the seller who has paid the additional charges or expenses. 9. 2 Payment Currency Payment currency is an important part of a sales contract. Usually there is quite a long time between the conclusion of a sales contract and settlement of the payment. During this time, the payment currency may depreciate or appreciate in the international financial market, sometimes to quite a great degree. So the exporter need consider the exchange risks while determining what currency is to be used for the payment of the consignment. Usually the payment currency is the evaluation currency, but under many cases, the payment currency is some other currency. In international trade, the payment currency should first of all be convertible currency. To prevent exchange risks, the exporter can adopt several ways in determining the evaluation currency and the payment currency. 1) In export business, the exporter gene