关于数据库的中英学习文档.doc

LECTURE 3 In lecture 2, we have learnt: 2.1 What is the procedural, structured, and object-oriented programming 2.2 C++ and object-oriented programming In this lecture, we will learn: 3.1 What is database？ 3.2 What are the SQL and SQL server？ 3.3 Software design New  HYPERLINK /incsearch/search.asp?key=Word \t _blank Words Expressions: facilitate v. 使容易，促进 retrieval n. 检索 alphabetically ad. 按字母顺序地 chronologically a. 按年代顺序排 encyclopedia n. 百科全书 reference n. 涉及，参考，引用 bibliography n. 书目，参考书目 periodical n. 期刊，杂志 literature n. 文献，著作 professional? n. 专业人员，专家 flowchart n. 流程图 straightforward a. 直接了当的，简单明了的 proprietary a. 私有的 preliminary a. 初步的 straightforward a. 简单的 commence v. 开始 derive v. 起源、导出 derivation n. 导出过程 inadequate a. 不适当的 vehicles n. 车辆、手段 iterative a. 反复的、迭代的 superior a. 优秀的 entail v. 需要 validate v. 验证 criterion n. 标准 progressively ad. 日益增多的 structured query language (SQL) 结构化查询语言 transaction-SQL 事务SQL break down 分解 build up 建造，装配，组成 pertain to 属于 ad hoc 特别地 HIPO charts 层次化输入-处理-输出结构图 HIPO Hierarchy plus Input, Process, Output loosely coupled 松散地耦合 maintainable design 可维护性设计 data-driven design 数据驱动的设计 top-down functional design 自顶向下的功能设计 step－wise refinement 逐步求精 be responsible for 形成...的原因 3.1 What is database? A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregates of data. 　　Database records and files must be organized to allow retrieval of the information. Early systems were arranged sequentially (i.e., alphabetically, numerically