补充课件.doc.ppt

The first great advantage which scientific management has over the management of initiative and incentive is that under scientific management the initiative of the workmen—that is ,their hard work ,their good will, their ingenuity –is obtained practically with absolute regularity, while under even the best of the older type of management this initiative is only obtained spasmodically and somewhat irregularly. This obtaining ,however, of the initiative of the workmen is the lesser of the two great causes which make scientific management better for both sides than the older type of management . By far the greater gain under scientific management comes from the new ,the very great and the extraordinary burdens and duties which are voluntarily assumed by those on the management’s side. These new burdens and new duties are so unusual and so great that they are to the men used to managing under the old school almost inconceivable. These duties and burdens voluntarily assumed under scientific management ,by those on the managements side, have been divided and classified into four different groups and these four types of new duties assumed by the management have (rightly or wrongly) been called the “principles of scientific management ”. The first of these four groups of duties taken over by the management is the deliberate gathering in on the part of those on the managements side of all of the great mass of traditional knowledge, which in the past has been in the heads of the workmen, and in the physical skill and knack of the workmen, which he has acquired through years of experience. The duty of gathering in of all this great mass of traditional knowledge and then recording it , tabulating it and , in many cases, finally reducing it to laws, rules and even to mathematical formulae, is voluntarily assumed by the scientific managers. And later, when these laws ,rules and formulae are applied to the everyday work of all the workmen of the establishment, through th