澳大利亚国宝.doc

澳大利亚国宝 “significant contribution to the australian community and nation”, and is an “inspirational role model for the australian community”. subcategories of the award include “young” and “senior australian of the year”, and an award for “australias local hero”. records of the celebration of aust每年的1月26日都是澳大利亚国庆日它起源于1788年1月26，阿瑟.菲利普率领11艘战舰，押解770名犯人经过九个月的跋涉，将英国国旗升起在悉尼港附近，标志着一个新的英国殖民地的诞生此后的八十年中总共有十五万九千英国犯人被流放到澳大利亚澳洲也因此被戏称为“囚犯创造的国家” 英国和澳大利亚经济对比　　The economy of the United Kingdom is the sixth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal GDP and seventh-largest measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), and the third-largest in Europe measured by nominal GDP (after Germany and France) and second-largest measured by PPP (after Germany). The UKs GDP per capita is the 20th highest in the world in nominal terms and the 17th highest measured by PPP. The British economy comprises (in descending order of size) the economies of the countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union, the G7, the G8, the G20, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Bank, the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations. 　　In the 18th century the UK was the first country in the world to industrialise,[12] and during the 19th century possessed a dominant role in the global economy.[13] From the late 19th century the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States and the German Empire presented an increasing challenge to Britains role as leader of the global economy. Despite victory, the costs of fighting both the First World War and Second World War further weakened the relative economic position of the UK, and by 1945 Britain had been superseded by the United States as the worlds dominant economic power. However the UK still maintains a significant role in the world economy.[14][15] 　　The UK is one of the worlds most globalised countries.[