一讲词汇对等与空缺.pptVIP

第一讲 词汇对等与空缺 Lecture 1 Lexical Equivalence and Lexical Gap February, 2009 I. Language, Culture and Translation What correlation can you find between them? 语言是文化的载体；文化是语言的土壤；翻译是跨文化交流的桥梁。 每一种语言都从文化中获得生命和营养，所以我们不能只注意如何将一种语言译成另一种语言，还必须力求表达两种文化在思维方式与表达情感方面的习惯。 翻译活动不仅是语言文字的转换活动，更是不同文化的交流和移植活动，翻译所涉及的不仅是两种语言，更涉及两种文化。 II. Lexical Equivalence Read the following words or phrases to see whether you can find equivalent expressions in the TL. television 电视 radar 雷达 wheat 小麦 医生 doctor 西政 SWUPL 早饭 breakfast marry 嫁、娶 wife 妻子、老婆、爱人、夫人 cousin 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹 杯子 cup, glass, mug 工厂 factory, plant, mill, works 明显 evidently, apparently, obviously 青少年(八九岁到20多岁的人) teenager (13-19岁的人) 知识分子(上过学有知识的人) intellectual (有学问、层次较高的知识分子) 学者(知识渊博的人) scholar (正在学习的人或有学问的人) Predator (以猎食其他动物为生的动物；猎食动物) Prey (被别的动物捕食的动物；被食动物) Scavenger (吃死动物的动物；食尸动物) weekday (星期天或星期六、星期天以外的日子；平日) Try to find an equivalent for a word or expression to achieve faithfulness. (1) speak one’s mind 畅所欲言 (2) turn up one’s nose at 嗤之以鼻 (3) touch and go 一触即发 (4) hit the nail on the head 一语道破 (5)充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to (6)大海捞针 look for a needle in a bundle of hay (7)颠倒黑白 talk black into white (8)骑虎难下 hold a wolf by the ear (9) Make hay while the sun shines. 趁热打铁。 (10) Ill news travels fast. 好事不出门，坏事传千里。 (11)皇天不负苦心人。 Everything comes to him who waits. (12)小巫见大巫。 The moon is not seen when the sun shines. (13) I took the news with a grain of salt. 我对这个消息半信半疑。 (14) Unless you’ve got an ace up your sleeve, we are dished. 除非你有锦囊妙计，否则，我们是输定了。 (15) She is now between the devil and deep sea on this matter. 她在这个问题上进退维谷。 (16) 这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。 The economic situation in these countries is on the down grade. (17) 为了掩人耳目，他们把自己打扮成革命者。 In order to throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. (18) 照当时情况，他除了忍气吞声又能怎么办呢？ As things stood, what else could he do but swallow the insult? Don’t take the words too literally. (19) pull sb’s leg 愚弄；开玩笑 *拉后腿 (20) move heaven and e