翻译教程Chapter10.ppt

Chapter10:The Translation of Metaphors ----073010125Tracy Definition: Whilst the central problem of translation is the overall choice of a translation method for a text, the most particular problem is the translation of metaphor. Metaphor is any figurative expression: the transferred sense of a physical word, the personification of an abstraction, and the application of a word or collocation to what it does not literally denote. Types of Metaphor Dead Metaphors Cliché metaphors Stock or Standard Metaphors Adapted Metaphors Recent Metaphors Original Metaphors Dead metaphors Concept: Dead metaphors, metaphors where one is hardly conscious of the image Characteristics: frequently relate to universal terms of space and time, the main part of the body, general ecological features and the main human activities. 已经普遍为人所知的隐喻，有些学者称为“死的隐喻”（dead metaphor）。死隐喻隐含的意思已经称为常规词义，即所谓比喻意义，所以有些学者认为这些隐喻已经不能算是隐喻。例如“山腰”的比喻。铁拳，蚕食，鲸吞，酝酿，覆没，都属于这种情况。比喻意义不同于比喻。我们用祖国的心脏来比喻首都，但首都不是心脏的意思。 stock or standard metaphors Concept: A stock or standard metaphors is an established metaphor Characteristics: an efficient and concise method of covering a physical or metal situation both referentially and pragmatically in an informal context 1. Those who made large profits out illegally selling rationed goods during World War II were fishing in troubled waters. 那些在二次世界大战期间非法倒卖配售物资而发了大材的人是浑水摸鱼。 Original metaphors Concept: Original metaphors are the ones created or quoted by the SL writer. Characteristics: contain a core of important writer’s message, his personality and his comment on life. e.g. 1. My mind, the precision instrument slipped into high gear. 我的大脑这一精密的仪器进入了高速运转的状态。 * *