现在分词和过去分词-考研英语语法的“拐点”.doc

语法重点突破——分词 考研英语语法的“拐点” 现在分词和过去分词 一、作定语 分词短语作从句，相当于从句。换句话说，分词短语可以被看做从句“简化”而来的。 分词短语（作后置定语） （定语）从句 现在分词短语 Do you know the boy standing at the door? Do you know the boy who is standing at the door? A developing country needs aids. A country that/which is developing needs aids. They lived in a house facing the south They lived in a house that faced the south. The man wearing a red tie is our head. The man who wears a red tie is our head. The workers working in the factory are well-paid. The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid. 过去分词短语 The window broken yesterday was repaired this morning The window that/which was broken yesterday was repaired this morning The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to my taste. The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to my taste. The shoes made in a small factory are of bad quality. The shoes that were made in a small factory are of bad quality. The tie worn by our head is made in Shanghai. The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai. 二、作状语 1、分词短语作状语，实际把状语从句简化。 简化的条件：分词短语的逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致。 分词短语 （状语）从句 现在分词短语 Reading the book, he nodded from time to time. While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. Being shy, he didn’t come to the party. Because he was shy, he didn’t come to the party. 过去分词短语 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. As the book is written in simple English, the book is easy to read. 2、分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：（务必掌握） * doing ： 用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。 Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat. * having done: 用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前。 Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again. * being done: 用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行。 Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened. * done: 用来表示被动且完成 Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt. * having been done: 用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续 一段时间或次数。 Having been defeated three times, he had to give up. * 否定形式： not/ never + 分词结构 Not studying hard, he didn’t pass t