物流英语Unit3.ppt

物流英语 Unit 3 I. 学习重点 1. 词汇： transportation available component performance distinguish rate primarily competition carrier middleman broker freight forwarder 2. 语法：被动语态 II. 学习难点： 1. 五大运输模式。 2. 决定费率的三个主要方面。 3. 零库存对生产企业的好处。 ※ 被动语态(Passive Voice) 英语的时态(Tense)和语态(Voice) 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 　　例如：Many people speak English. 很多人讲英语。 I stopped the car on the street. 我把车停在了街上。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如: English is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。 构成：be + 过去分词 主动语态变为被动语态 The manager signs the papers. 经理在这些文件上签字。 The papers are signed by the manager. He translates the novel into English. 他把这部小说翻译成英语。 The novel is translated into English. 被动语态可以有不同的时态。 The manager signs the papers. 一般现在时 The papers are signed by the manager. The manager signed the papers. 一般过去时 The papers were signed by the manager. He has translated the novel into English. 现在完成时 The novel has been translated into English. We are discussing this question at the meeting. 现在进行时 This question is being discussed at the meeting. 练习：请把下列句子改为被动语态。 They invited me to the party. Someone founded our company in 1903. We will discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting. The factory has repaired my car. The students are cleaning the classroom. 答案： I was invited to the party (by them). Our company was founded in 1903. The problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting. My car has been repaired (by the factory). The classroom is being cleaned (by the students). 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 The nurse is taking care of the sick man. → The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. They have talked about this matter recently. 他们近来一直在谈论这件事情。（主动） This matter has been talked about recently. 这件事情近来一直被谈论着。（被动） 　　 They put off the sports meeting. 他们把运动会推迟了。（主动） The sports meeting was put off. 运动会被推迟了。（被动） 练习： Someone must take care of the children when we go out. → The children must be taken care of whe