Rationality Evolutionary Psychology：理性和进化心理学.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ? ? ? Here are four cards. Each of them has a letter on one side and a number on the other side. Two of these cards are shown with the letter side up, and two with the number side up. Indicate which of these cards you have to turn over in order to determine whether the following claim is true:? If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an odd number on the other side. E C 5 4 ? ? In its crackdown against drunk drivers, Massachusetts law enforcement officials are revoking liquor licenses left and right. You are a bouncer in a Boston bar, and you’ll loose your job unless you enforce the following law: “If a person is drinking beer, then he must be over 20 years old.” ? The cards below have information about four people sitting at a table in your bar. Each card represents one person. One side of a card tells what a person is drinking and the other side of the card tells that person’s age. Indicate only those card(s) you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these people are breaking the law, Drinking Beer Drinking Coke 25 Years Old 16 Years Old The Challenge from Evolutionary Psychology Cosmides’ Hypothesis Since humans are capable of entering into stable reciprocal exchange arrangements we should have one or more Darwinian modules whose job it is to recognize reciprocal exchange arrangements and to detect cheaters who accept benefits but do not pay the costs. A Prediction: Subjects will perform well in versions of the selection task that engage the cheater detection module. Another prediction: Subjects will not perform well in versions of the selection task that require the detection of (unreciprocated) altruism. An Overview of Today’s Talk Two Views on Human Rationality Experimental Studies of Human Reasoning and Judgment: Five Examples The “Bleak Implications” Hypothesis The Challenge from Evolutionary Psychology Evolutionary Psychology Applie