論我國之新成年監護制度.doc

論我國之新成年監護制度林雪玉(摘要成年監護制度是指對於精神障礙或其他心智缺陷之成年人，針對其人身、財產權益加以監督、保護並代理其為法律行為之制度。我國之新成年監護制度，廢止現行之禁治產制度，將「禁治產宣告」一級制，改為「監護宣告」與「輔助宣告」二級制，並將於民國九十八年十一月二十三日施行。本文乃就我國新修正之成年監護制度內容，參考德、日等國之立法例加以比較研析，期能以國外之立法經驗，探討我國成年監護制度之缺失，提出改善建議，並期能拋磚引玉，引起更多之討論，使我國之新成年監護制度能兼顧人權之保護及受監護人之最佳利益。關鍵字：1. 成年監護 2. 監護宣告 3. 輔助宣告 4. 監護人 5. 輔助人 A Study on the New System of the Guardianship for Adults Sheue-yu Lin Abstract The System of the Guardianship for Adults means that the system is applicable for the adults in the state of insanity or some other infirmity with supervision over the wards’ behalf and finances, protection and action on behalf of the ward in making legal acts. Because of the new System of the Guardianship for Adults, the current system of interdiction is avoided, and the declaration of interdiction is changed into two ranks, the declaration of guardianship and the declaration of subsidiary, which will be enforced on November 23, 2009. The content of the System of the Guardianship for Adults in this article refers to the legislative bases in Germany, Japan and so forth, and compares with them. This article will discuss the flaws about the System of the Guardianship for Adults in Republic of China (Taiwan), put suggestions for improving the system based on the legislative experiences of foreign countries, and hope that there will be more discussions about it and the new system could contain the protection of human rights and the utmost benefit of the wards. Keyword: 1.Custody over Adults 2.the commencement of guardianship 3.the commencement of assistantship 4.guardian 5.assistant 壹、前言 隨著經濟之高度發展，社會生活環境之大幅改善，醫學之進步以及公共衛生之重視，人類之壽命普遍延長，加上少子化趨勢，導致高齡人口增加，社會逐漸邁向高齡化。但是老年人不一定都過著健康、正常人的生活，其中難免亦有一定比例罹患老人失智症或其他身心障礙等疾病，極需接受成年監護照顧者。根據內政部統計處資料顯示，民國九十七年第一季領有身心障礙手冊者達一百零二萬五千餘人，其中慢性精神病患者九萬七千七百三十八人，智能障礙者九萬一千六百一十七人，失智症者兩萬四千八百五十二人，自閉症者七千四百四十三人，植物人四千九百八十七人，總計有二十二萬六千六百三十七人。禁治產聲請案件數從民國八十五年每年一千件逐年成長到民國九十七年，每年約有三千至四千件，顯見確實需要有更周延的法律制度為精神病患、智能障礙或失智老人提供更完備的保護。面對高齡化之社會衍生之智能逐漸喪失之痴呆性高齡者以及若干因精神障礙、智能不足而判斷力不足之成年人