[历史学]Chapter27TheColdWar.ppt

Chapter 27 The Cold War  The United Nations (P. 683) Internationalists succeeded during World War II in committing the United States to world cooperation. The Yalta Conference held February 4–11, 1945 the wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively Yalta Conference 1945 Tehran Conference in 1943 The central aim of the Tehran conference was to plan the final strategy for the war against Nazi Germany and its allies the chief discussion centered on the opening of a second front in Western Europe the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 held in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 16 July to 2 August 1945 represented by Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and, Clement Attlee, and President Harry S. Truman. WW II and the Soviet Union Although it has been debated whether the Soviet Union had any intention of invading Germany once it was strong enough Germany itself broke the treaty and invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, starting what was known in the USSR as the “Great Patriotic War”. 苏联卫国战争 The Red Army stopped the seemingly-invincible German Army at the Battle of Moscow, aided by an unusually harsh winter. The Battle of Stalingrad,斯大林格勒战役which lasted from late 1942 to early 1943, dealt a severe blow to the Germans from which they never fully recovered and became a turning point of the war. After Stalingrad, Soviet forces drove through Eastern Europe to Berlin before Germany surrendered in 1945. Soviet counter-attack during the battle of Moscow, December 1941. . Soviet tanks encircle German forces during the battle of Stalingrad, November 1942 BM-13 Katyusha battery fire, during the Battle of Berlin, April 1945. The Soviet Union suffered greatly in the war, losing around 27 million people. Despite this, it emerged as a military superpower. Berlin Blockad