京剧武术.doc

京剧在中国是最受欢迎的戏曲种类之一。 Beijing opera is one of the most popular operas in China. 它将歌唱、音乐、舞蹈、杂技和表演融为一体。 It’s a combination of singing, music, dancing and acrobatic and acting. 京剧中演员的表演和舞台背景设计多采用象征手法。 The performance of the actors and setting on the stage are mainly symbolic. 比如，演员手里挥舞马鞭就代表马在飞奔，而几个演员站成一排就代表了整个军队。 You don’t see a horse on the stage but a whip in the hand of the actor and several actors stand in a line representing a whole army. 京剧中主要有四种类型的角色：“生、旦、净、丑”。 And there are four main kinds of characters: “Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou”. “生”是男性角色； “Sheng” is the male lead; 旦”是女性角色； “Dan” is the female lead; “净”也称“花脸”，通常是英雄、将军，或者天神、恶魔，这种个性鲜明的角色； “Jing” is the painted face, most of time they are heroes, generals or deities or demons, characters with strong characters; “丑”就是小丑，代表滑稽或反面的角色。 “Chou” is the clown or the comedy role, representing somebody who is humorous or evil. 面部化妆和戏服的颜色也有特定的含义。 And the color of facial makeup and costumes also gives meanings. 面部化妆的不同色彩，代表不同的人物性格，比如，红脸代表忠诚，白脸代表阴险和狡诈，黑脸代表诚实和鲁莽。 For instance, take the color of makeup for example, red normally represents loyalty; white, a foxing evil; black, honest but blunt. 戏服的颜色可以代表地位，红色代表高级官员，蓝色代表级别稍低的官员，黑色可以用于任何角色。 And the color of the costume: red is high rank official; blue, low rank official; black could be used in the costume of any characters. 除了独特的面部化妆和戏服之外，京剧还有四种表演手法：“唱、念、做、打”，即歌唱、对白、表演和杂技。 Apart from the distinct facial make up and costumes, Beijing opera have four areas of performance: “Chang, Nian, Zuo, Da”. Singing, dialogue, acting and acrobatic combined. 这些表演都要按照特定的节奏和次序进行。 All of these are performed rhythmical measured and orderly. 京剧中伴奏乐队的乐器可以分成两类：“武场”和“文场”。 In the accompany band the musical instruments fall into two categories: “Wu Chang” and “Wen Chang”. “武场”以打击乐器为主，而“文场”主要是弦乐器。 “Wu Chang” is percussion instruments while “Wen Chang” is string instruments. 现在我们来看看，“文场”的四件主要乐器。 Here we are working at the four major instruments of the “Wen Chang”. “文场”主要体现优美的舞蹈和动听的唱腔。 “Wen Cheng” is famous for th