外科急诊创伤(英文)-烧伤资料.ppt

Signs and Symptoms Burns due to local contact Wheezing, dyspnea, hypoxia, and pneumonitis due to aspiration or inhalation Headache, dizziness, slurred speech, ataxia (irregular or difficult-to-control movements), and dulled reflexes Foot and wrist drop with numbness and tingling Cardiac dysrhythmias * Management Most are not life-threatening Occasionally gastric lavage may be of benefit In seriously symptomatic patients, protect the airway and establish an IV if NS or LR Contact poison control Transport * Chemical Burns Scene size-up Hazardous materials team Establish hot, warm and cold zones Prevent personnel exposure from chemical Specific Chemicals Phenol Dry Lime Sodium Riot Control Agents Assessment Management of Chemical Burns * Specific Chemicals Phenol Industrial cleaner Alcohol dissolves Phenol Irrigate with copious amounts of water Dry Lime Strong corrosive that reacts with water Brush off dry substance Irrigate with copious amounts of cool water Prevents reaction with patient tissues Assessment Management of Chemical Burns * Sodium Unstable metal Reacts vigorously with water Releases Extreme heat Hydrogen gas Ignition Decontaminate: Brush off dry chemical Cover the wound with oil substance Assessment Management of Chemical Burns * Riot Control Agents Agents CS, CN (Mace), Oleoresin, Capsicum (OC, pepper spray) Irritation of the eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. No permanent damage General Signs Symptoms Coughing, gagging, and vomiting Eye pain, tearing, temporary blindness Management Irrigate eyes with normal saline Assessment Management of Chemical Burns * H2 * Radiation Decontamination is paramount Treated like any other burn * Radiation Injury Radiation Transmission of energy Nuclear Energy Ultraviolet light Visible Light Heat Sound X-Rays Radioactive Substance Emits ionizing radiation Radionuclide or Radioisotope * * Radiation InjuryBasic Physics Protons Positive charged particles Neutrons Equal in mass to protons No electrical c