无菌术课件资料.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Massive transfusion complications: Volume Overload Congestive Heart Failure Tachycardia Tachypnea Cyanopathy Transfusion Reactions * Volume Overload Heart Functional Failure Lung Functional Failure Reasons： Stop Transfusion Heart Functional Support Diuresis (Furosemide) Treatment： Massive Transfusion Complications: * Contamination: Fever Shock DIC Bacterial Contamination Reasons： Transfusion Reactions * Stop Transfusion Bacterial Exam and Culture Antibiotics Treatment： Double Check Operate carefully Prevention： Contamination: * Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C HIV Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Syphilis Malaria Acquired diseases ： Transfusion Reactions * No risk of infectious disease transmission No transfusion reactions No compatibility testing Reduced demand on blood bank stores An immediate source of autologous blood Autotransfusion： * Red Blood Cells Packed RBC White Blood Cells Pooled Platelets Blood Cell： Component Transfusion： * Saving blood source Less likely carrier of transmitted diseases Shortage of quality blood Greater shelf life than whole blood Helping to make blood safer by filtration Infusing regardless of ABO type in some blood products giving only essential/desired blood component Component Transfusion： * Fresh Frozen Plasma Coagulation Factors Fibrinogen Frozen Plasma FV FVIII Cryoprecipitate 　VWF FVIII Plasma： Component Therapy： * Albumin Albumin or Volume expander Immunoglobin Coagulation Factors Haemophilia VW Plasma Derivatives ： Component Therapy： * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *  ---To separate contaminated  area from sterile field Head cover Face mask Shoe cover Glove Gown Drape Aseptic Mechanical Barrier * Drape * Sterile Envelope History: * Large enough (20*20 feet) With appropriate ventilation Remaining closed positive pressure Oper