词汇学-第二章节幻灯片.ppt

Key fry: French synonym: Greek grammar: Greek etymology: Greek species: Latin egg: Scandinavian they: Scandinavian tea: Chinese Additional Exercises III. Analyze the following lexical groups and state through what languages they came into English. 1. cake, knife, ill, husband 2. honour, court, heritage, literature, architecture 3. dock, zinc, quarts, carouse(痛饮) 4. genius, stratum, inertia, formula, area Additional Exercises 5. pedestal, sonata(奏鸣曲), fresco(湿壁画) 6. plaza, embargo(禁运), armada(无敌舰队), galleon(大帆船), anchovy(鯷) 7. sultan(苏丹), roc(大鹏), yashmak(面纱), harem (后宫), sheikh(酋长，教长) 8. sampan, liche, ketchup(蕃茄酱), kaolin(高岭土), typhoon 9. steppe(大草原), troika(三驾马车), commissar(政委) 10. geometry, gymnastics, tragedy, myth Key 1. Danish 2. French 3. German 4. Latin 5. Italian 6. Spanish 7. Arabic 8. Chinese 9. Russian 10. Greek Development of Modern English Renaissance, a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics Translators and scholars borrowed heavily from the Latin vocabulary Over 10000 new words entered English, many of which were taken from Latin and Greek 25 % of modern English words come almost directly from classical languages (Latin and Greek) Development of Modern English Bourgeois(中产阶级)Revolution in the mid-17th century Industrial Revolution followed Britain became a great economic power With the growth of colonization, British tentacles began stretching out to ever corner of the world, enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world Characteristics of Modern English Since the beginning of the 20th century, particularly after World War II, science and technology rapidly developed. New words created to express new ideas, inventions, and scientific achievements. Characteristics of Modern English Borrowing remained an important channel of vocabulary expansion More words are created by means of word-formation. New words are multiplied in all walks of life: politics, economy, commerce, culture, entertainment, educatio