词汇学幻灯片.ppt

Function: The hyponyms (or specific words) can make our speech and writing more vivid and expressive, while using too many general terms can result in vagueness and triteness. It should be pointed out that there are other more lax types of hyponymypseudo-hyponymy which are also important in language. The sense relation of hyponymy is very helpful in both receptive and productive processing of language. In reading comprehension, cohesion by hyponymy is an important key. 6.6 Semantic Field Semantic field is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as a system of interrelated lexical networks. Trier saw vocabulary as ‘an integrated system of lexemes interrelated in sense.’词汇是语义相关的综合系统。 The words of language can be classified into sets.语言的词汇可以分成语义相关的集或场。 Thank you! Chapter 7 Changes in Word Meaning 词义的演变 Objectives Get to know causes of changes Understand and master types of changes: extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation, transference of meaning, euphemism. ?Extra-linguistic factors: historical reason, class reason, psychological reason ?Linguistic factors: shortening, borrowing, analogy 7.1 Types of Change Extension of Meaning Narrowing of Meaning Elevation of Meaning Degradation of Meaning Transference of Meaning Euphemism Extension of Meaning 词义的扩大 Generalization of Meaning It is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized or has extended to cover a broader and often less definite concept. 一个原本具有特殊意义的单词的词义被延伸，范围扩大，从而指代一种普遍意义语义变化过程。 Manuscript (original) Handwriting( writing by hand only) (手稿) (present) Any author’s writing whether written by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor (原稿) Salary (original) a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt (政府按时发给古罗马军人一些买盐的钱) (present) fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to employees (薪水) orientation oriental Holiday holy day bribery She is such a pretty little thing. I have to pack my things for the jo