普通心理学课件1-11北大张智勇GP11emo_stre幻灯片.ppt

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Holmes-Rahe Life Events Rating Scale(1967) Death of spouse 100 Divorce 73 Marital separation 65 Jail term 63 Death of family_m 63 Personal inju/ill 53 Marriage 50 Fired at work 47 Retirement 45 Pregnancy 40 Business readjust 39 Begin or end sch. 26 Trouble with boss 23 Change in reside 20 Vocation 13 Christmas 12 Life events and its meaning for individuals Perceived stress----The different meanings of various events for different individuals. Longer-lasting effects Parkes Brown(1972): 45 yrs. People who widowed an average of 14 months Increased illness, appetite disturbance, depression,sleep disturbances fatigue, loneliness, and higher mortality rate. Acculturative stress 2.3 Sources of Stress Stressor Life Events Catastrophes Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD Survivors’ guilt Daily Hassles 常见的日常烦恼 担心体重 家人的健康 生活必须品的涨价 家务 要做的事情太多 东西找不着或丢失 收拾院落或室外 财产、投资或交税 犯罪 体型相貌 2.4 Stress and Health Stress People 酗酒、吸烟、睡眠不足、运动少 Stress and the Immune System Stress, Health, and Personality Type A behavior pattern (Friedman Rosenman, 1959) Impatient, hard-driving, ambitious, competitive, and hostile. Power Motivation, Hardiness 3 Coping Coping Mechanisms Defense Mechanisms The impact of Culture on Coping Styles Social Support Commentary 3.1 Coping Mechanisms Change the situation Problem solving Alter one’s cognition Alter unpleasant emotional consequences of stress 3.2 Defense Mechanisms Repression Denial Projection Reaction formation Sublimation Rationalization Passive aggression 3.3 The impact of Culture on Coping Styles U.S. Children are more likely to attempt to master stressful situations actively Mexican children are socialized to modify themselves rather than confronting obstacles in the environment. Low effort