MATTER_WAVE - 清華大學物理系.pptx

PHYS541量子力學(I)(II);;;;;Quantum mechanics – New way that was developed at the beginning of the last century to interpret predict microscopic objects such as atoms, electrons, .. ;I think that it is fair to say that no one understands the quantum theory…;Two tracks of discoveries;Third Formulation;Track 2: 粒子與波的爭議;光的馬克思威耳理論;光的波動性;光的粒子性;幅射與黑體幅射: 物體皆會幅射電磁波;Max Planck ;h = 卜朗克常數 =6.626?10-34 joule-sec;Quantum region;光電效應:;電子放光的波動模式;波動的期待;光電效應實驗;Einstein: E=nh? is dynamical!;Compton effect:;Compton：粒子碰撞的結果;粒子碰撞;電路元件的基本單元電子 是波動還是粒子? 德布羅依博士論文：電子有波動性;什麼是波動？ 什麼是粒子?;27;28;;;31;32;Tonomura et al. American Journal of Physics 57, 117(1989);34;35;中子;氦;http://www.quantum.univie.ac.at/research/c60/index.html;Nature 409, 304(2001);40;Other atoms: Na, Phys. Rev. 66, 2693 (1991);生物分子 ;L Hackermuller et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 090408, (2003);Science 275, 637 (1997);45;如何描述? ;Max Born 的機率解釋: ;古典與量子的差異: |?1+ ?2|2 – (|?1|2+ |?2|2)= ?1?2 *+ ?1*?2 = 干涉項;古典: |?1|2+ |?2|2 量子: |?1+ ?2|2;五大量子效應 (to be covered);量子心電感應 (Entanglement/糾纏);;Dopfer, B., 1998 Zeilinger, Rev. Mod. Phys. S288, (1999);54;Feynman: I think that it is fair to say that no one understands the quantum theory…;波動的個數