操作系统原理111章节(8104KB).ppt

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Operating System Concepts * * * POCC AMS-02 Payload Operations Control Center SOC AMS-02 Science Operation Center 81 * * * * The Goals of an Operating System Primary Goal: efficient operation of the computer system. In some systems, it is convenience. In the past, efficiency is far more important than convenience. Operating System Concepts What is an Operating System? A program that acts as an intermediary between the application programs and the computer hardware. Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier. Make the computer system convenient to use. Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. From the computer’s point of view: A resource allocator, a control program, a kernel Operating System Concepts Desktop Systems(1/2) Personal computers – computer system dedicated to a single user. I/O devices – keyboards, mouse, display screens, small printers. User convenience and responsiveness. Operating System Concepts Desktop Systems(2/2) Can adopt technology developed for larger operating system individuals have sole use of computer and do not need advanced CPU utilization of protection features. May run several different types of operating systems (Windows, MacOS, UNIX, Linux) Operating System Concepts Parallel Systems Multiprocessor systems with more than one CPU in close communication. Tightly coupled system – processors share memory and a clock; communication usually takes place through the shared memory. Operating System Concepts Parallel Systems (Cont.) Advantages of parallel system: Increased throughput: Gets more jobs done Economy of scale: Because of resource sharing, multiprocessor systems is cheaper than multiple single processor systems Increased reliability: the failure of one processor will not halt the whole system graceful degradation Fault-tolerant systems Operating System Concepts Parallel Systems (Cont.) Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) Each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system. Many processes can ru

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