(显性遗传)技术 培训.ppt

Human Diseases and BiomarkersImmune Response and AntibodiesViruses and Vaccines October 17, 2005 10:20 to 11:10 am Biomarker Marker: Something used as a mark or indication, as a bookmark or tombstone. Biomarker: A characteristic or factor by which a cell or molecule can be recognized or identified. Examples of Biomarkers Hemoglobin expression is a marker of red blood cells Chiasma is a marker of chromosome recombination during meiosis CD4 is a marker of helper T cells Antibody that recognnizes HIV is a marker of HIV infection CD69 expression is a marker of T cell activation. Without biomarkers, the study of biology and medicine would be impossible. Population Genetics Hardy-Weinberg Law For A and a alleles, there are 3 possible combinations: AA, Aa, aa. p (proportion of A genes) + q (proportion of a genes) = 1. Binomial distribution of genotypes: p2 (AA), 2pq (Aa), q2 (aa). Immune Response Two parts: Innate and adaptive immune response. Cells of the immune system. How does immune response get started? Two general types of effector systems: humoral (antibody-mediated) and cell-mediated immunity. Viruses (病毒) A term for a group of microorganisms that are capable of passing through fine filters that retain most bacteria, and are incapable of growth and reproduction apart from living cells. Types of viruses. Vaccines (疫苗) Any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis preparations of killed microbes or virulent strains or living microbes of attenuated (variant or mutant) strains; or microbial, fungal, plant, protozoal, or metazoan derivatives or products. ENU Mutant Mice As a Tool to Study Immunology and Human Diseases October 17, 2005 11:20 am – 12:10 pm Major Genome-Wide Mouse Mutagenesis Centers Australia: Australian National University USA: Baylor; Jackson Lab; ORNL; U Penn; Scripps/GNF Germany: GSF UK: Medical Research Council, Harwell Japan: RIKEN Canada: University of Toronto General Idea Large-scale creation of randomly induced mutant mi