第10讲 否定句的翻译（正说与反说）.ppt

否定的翻译 Lead-in All Chinese people don’t like beef. I didn’t go because I was afraid. I haven’t studied English for 2 years. You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. He is no/not richer than I. (You won’t) Catch me doing that! Public Signs Over eighteen Private Keep off the grass 英语否定的类型与翻译方式 显性否定 隐性否定 双重否定 显性否定 形式：含有否定词：not, none, nor, no, neither, nobody, nothing, nowhere等，或含有否定前缀的词：dis-, in-, un-, non-, ir-等，或后缀：-free, -less, -proof 需要注意的问题： 部分否定 否定转移 否定程度的强弱 否定形式表示肯定的意义 部分否定 1)当not与all, every, always, often, completely等词连用时，表示“不全都” All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. Everyone cannot answer this question. 2) not … and …结构中，否定的往往是and后面的部分 The house is not big and comfortable. Don’t drink and drive. We cannot put on airs and make people like us. 否定转移 1）主句的否定转换为从句的否定 适用条件：第一人称与think, believe, suppose, expect等词连用时，或thought, view, wish等名词作主句的表语时 I don’t expect you will win the game. It is not my opinion that he is the best man for the job. 2)否定主语或宾语转换为否定谓语 No signal is detected. Neither of the substances dissolves in water. A number of patients can recall no recent sore throat. At no time and in no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 3）否定谓语转换为否定状语 He didn’t shout to frighten you. 他大声叫喊并不是为了吓唬你。 The student did not sit there listening to the teacher. 那个学生坐在那里并没有听老师讲课。 He didn’t pretend to notice the mistake. 他假装没有注意到那个错误。 有时或可能引起歧义 He didn’t mention it on purpose. 否定状语：他不是故意提这件事的。 否定谓语：他故意没有提这件事。(= On purpose, he didn’t mention it.) 4）not … because… 主句的否定一般转换为从句的否定 I didn’t buy that book because it is cheap. 并不是因为这本书便宜我才买她。 有时候不发生转移 She didn’t go to work because she was ill. 她没有去上班，因为她生病了。 有时候可能引起歧义 She didn’t come because you were here. 并不是因为你在这儿她才来的。 因为你的在这儿，所以她没有来。 否定程度的强弱 He is not a statesman. He is no statesman. 他不是一个政治家。 他绝非政治家。（意即他不懂政治） No less than fifty people were killed in the accident. Write a passage of not less than 200 words. 多达五十人（绝不少于，强调“多”） 不少于200字（不能少于，客观描述） 否定形式表肯定意义 1) no (nobody, nothing…) but…