海洋山脊形成的新机制(ocean95.ppt

* * * Bonne Année Happy New Year Merry Christmas Joyeux No?l Quiz 2 - Translation 海洋山脊形成的新机制（Ocean ridges: then there were three） 最近對海床中最遙遠、相對來說也是最難以到達的一些地方所做的觀測，有可能改 變當前關于海床擴展机制的觀點。在對擴展速度非常慢的西南印度洋和北冰洋山脊 體系進行考察期間，科學家發現了一個以前不知道的海洋山脊類型。超慢擴展山脊 在机械上与兩种已知類型（快速和慢速）截然不同，它們是在地幔上涌的有效擴展 速度降到大約每年12毫米以下時形成的。這些超慢擴展山脊包括共存的岩漿增長和 非岩漿增長部分，后者是以前人們不知道的一种增長邊界結构。 （Articles, p. 405; News and Views） 机制 mechanism 海床擴展 sea-floor spreading 擴展速度 spreading rate 北冰洋山脊 Arctic Ridge 超慢擴展山脊 ultraslow spreading ridge 地幔上涌 mantle upwelling 共存的 co-existing 岩漿增長 magmatic accretion or addition 增長邊界 accretionary boundary 海洋山脊形成的新机制 New mechanism for the formation of ocean ridges 最近對海床中最遙遠、相對來說也是最難以到達的一些地方所做的觀測，有可能改變當前關于海床擴展机制的觀點。 Recent observations (or A recent observation) in the most remote and least accessible ocean floor may have (significantly) changed the current viewpoint (or hypothesis) on (about) the mechanism of sea-floor spreading. 在對擴展速度非常慢的西南印度洋和北冰洋山脊 體系進行考察期間，科學家發現了一個以前不知道的海洋山脊類型。 During the investigation (or excursion) in the Southwest Indian Ocean and Arctic Ridges, (both of) which are known for their very slow spreading, (the) scientists have discovered another type of ocean ridge which is not known heretofore (before). 超慢擴展山脊在机械上与兩种已知類型（快速和慢速）截然不同，它們是在地幔上涌的有效擴展速度降到大約每年12毫米以下時形成的。 With respect to the mechanism, the formation of ultraslow spreading ridges is completely different from that of the other two (well-)known types - fast and slow spreading ridges. The ultraslow spreading ridges were produced (or formed) when the effective spreading induced by the mantle upwelling was slowed down to (a rate of) 12 mm/yr. 這些超慢擴展山脊包括共存的岩漿增長和非岩漿增長部分，后者是以前人們不知道的一种增長邊界結构。 These ultraslow spreading ridges comprise (or contain, consist of, include) the two co-existing components (or parts) of magmatic and non-magmatic accretion. The latter is an accretionary boundary structure (or complex) which is unrecognized until the present. Complete translation New mechanism for the formation of ocean