历届高考试题中的错误.doc

历届高考试题中的错误 哈尔滨工业大学 赵振才 neednt have done ／couldnt have done 【问】1： There was plenty of time．She ______． A．mustnt have hurried B．couldnt have hurried C．must not hurry D．neednt have hurried 规定的答案为D。但我认为选B也是对的。您的意见如何？ 【答】同意你的意见。就上面孤立的句子而言，选B同样也是正确的。couldnt have done常常用来表示从现在或过去看来过去不可能发生某事。上道题中的She couldnt have hurried．意为：她不可能很慌忙的。请对比下列例句： 1．You realize that you were driving at 100mph， dont you？No，officer，I______ ．This car cant do more than 80． A．neednt have been B．may not have been C．didnt need to be D．couldnt have been 2．．．．her father could not have made such a mistake．（NCE）……她父亲不可能犯这样的错误。 3．They couldnt have left so soon．他们不可能那么快就走了。 请做下面的英语试题： 1．Mary ______my letter，otherwise she would have replied before now． A．has received B．ought to have received C．couldnt have received D．shouldnt have received 2．-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well． -It______ a comfortable journey． A．cant be B．shouldnt be C．mustnt have been D．couldnt have been（全国高考，95-15） could have done 【问】-I stayed at a hotel while in New York． -Oh，did you？You ______with Barbara． A．could have stayed B．could stay C．would stay D．must have stayed（全国高考，98-11） 答案为A。但是，You could have stayed with Barbara是什么意思呢？ 【答】could have done可以表示两种不同的意思：A．某事在过去有可能发生，但说话人确切知道该事并未发生；B．说话人推测某事在过去有可能发生，至于该事是否真的发生，说话人并不确切知道---说话人仅是对过去事件进行一种推测，一种估计。请对比下列实例： 1．I could have lent you the money．Why didnt you ask me？我本来可以把钱借给你的。你为什么没有向我借呢？（说话人确切知道you并没有向I借钱） 2．The letter could have got lost in the post．这封信可能是在邮递中丢失了。（说话人并不确切知道那封信是否在邮递中丢失） 由于这个结构能表示两种不同的含义，所以有些句子，脱离上下文，可能会产生歧义： He could have sent a message． a）他可能送了个信儿来。（说话人并不知道他事实上是否送来了信儿） b）他本可以送个信儿来的。（说话人确切知道他并没有送信儿来） 同样，上面的试题可能含有两种不同的含义： a）……你本来可以同巴巴拉住在一起的。（暗含的意思是：你本不必住旅馆的） b）……你可能同巴巴拉住在一起了。（说话人的一种推测） couldnt have done ／mustnt have done 【问】（1）-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well． -It ______a comfortable journey． A．cant be B．shouldnt be C．mustnt have been D．couldnt hav