九年级英语unit1讲解材料.ppt

九年级 Unit1 介词by的用法讲与练 1．表示位置：“在……旁边，靠近……”，表示此意时，常可与beside换用。如： 　　Some are drawing by（beside）the lake． 2．表示时间：“到……为止，不迟于”（包括某时在内)，常与过去完成时连用，当by引导的是未来的时间状语时，可用一般将来时。当by后跟一个过去时间点应用过去完成时如： 　　How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? You will be all right by supper time． 时间介词before与by的辨析:I will finish the work by Friday /before Friday. 3．表示旅行、运输等的路线、工具或方法：“由……，经……，乘……通过……”。如： 　　Every day he went there by train． 　　The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing． by+交通工具：表示“乘……”。如： by bike= on the bike by train= on the train, by boat= on the boat by plane / air = on the plane, by ship/sea= on the ship by car = in the car, by bus =in the bus等。 但：步行则用on foot来表达。 4．与反身代词oneself连用，表示独自、单独或没有人帮助（全凭本人）。如： I can’t leave her by herself． You should do your homework by yourself.　　 5．用于被动结构中，意为“由、被”。如： The pupils were given some advice by the pianist． The map was put on the wall by Lucy.　 6．用于某些固定短语中。如： by the way 顺便，顺便问一下 by and by 不久以后 little by little 逐渐地 by hand 用手 【练习】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成下列各题： 1．Come and sit _____（我旁边）． 　　 2．_____（到上星期日）I had finished the book． 　　 3．She came home _____（乘飞机）． 　　 4．Did you make the desk _____（自己独自）? 　　 5．_____（顺便问一下）, how many people are there in your family? 6．The ice has been turned into water_____（受热）． 　　 7．_____（不久以后）, more and more people began to study English．． 　　 8．The Great Wall was built_____（用手）． 　　 9．Then _____（逐渐地）, I know how to change direct speech into reported speech.　　 10．If your son feels well enough to watch TV_____（到那时）, he’ll be fine after the game． There be和to have句型 这两个句型都表示“有”的意思。There be表示“存在”的关系，to have侧重“所属关系”。如： There are forty students in our class. We have a happy family. 使用There be和to have句型时还应注意以下几点： 1．There be句型中的就近一致原则。即be的形式与靠近它的主语一致。如： There is a table and two chairs in the room. There are four chairs and a table in the room. 2．就There be句型中的主语提问时，往往把there这个引导词省掉。如： There is a book on the desk. （就划线部分提问） What’s on the desk? 3．当表示某物属于另一物中不可分割的一部分时，往往用to ha