地质工程 专业英语_精品.doc

CONTENTS Unit 1 The Basic Characters of English for Special Purpose 5 1.1 The Characters of Language 5 1.2 The Characters of Grammar 5 1.3 The Characters of Words and Expressions 8 1.4 The Characters of Structure 12 Unit 2 Geologic Process and Geology Time Scale 14 2.1 The Structure and Composition of the Earth 14 2.2 Endogenic Process—Movements of the Earth’s Crust 14 2.3 Exogenic Process—Weathering and Erosion 15 2.4 The Work of Running Water 17 2.5 Geology Time Scale 18 Unit 3 Geological Structure 30 3.1 Horizontal structure, attitude of stratum 30 3.2 Fold 30 3.3 Joints 35 3.4 Faults 36 Unit 4 Hydrogeology 48 4.1 The Hydrologic Cycle and General Features of Subsurface Water 48 4.2 Zone of Saturation and of Aeration 49 4.3 Porosity 51 4.4 Aquifers 51 4.5 Spring 52 4.6 Ground Water Movement 53 4.7 Permeability and Coefficients 54 4.8 Physical Characteristic and Chemistry Composition 55 4.9 Groundwater Exploration and Recharge 57 4.10 Aquifer Test 59 Unit 5 Physical Characteristic and Index of Soil 67 5.1 Soil Composition 67 5.2 Soil Structure 67 5.3 Weight-Volume Relationships 68 5.4 Relative Density of Sands and Gravels 70 5.5 Plasticity and the Atterberg Limits 70 5.6 Soil Classification 72 Unit 6 Stress and Compressibility of Soil 81 6.1 Stress 81 6.2 Compressibility of soil 82 6.3 Ultimate Consolidation Settlement Analysis Procedure 87 Unit 7 Shear Strength of Soil 93 7.1 Stresses, Shearing Strength and Failure within a Soil Mass 93 7.2 Methods of Investigating Shear Strength in Lab and Field 95 7.3 Failure Plane and Relationship between Principal Stresses and Shearing Strength 97 7.4 Shearing Strength of Cohesion Soil and Cohesionless soil 98 7.5 Stress Path 99 Unit 8 Lateral Soil Pressure 105 8.1 Introduction 105 8.2 Rankine’s Lateral Pressure Method 106 8.3 Coulomb’s Method Applied to Lateral Pressure 108 8.4 Considerations in the Design of Retanining Wall 111 Unit 9 Slope Stability of Soil 115 9.1 Introduction 115 9.2 Slope Stability in Cohe