Gender-and-Social-Stratification-年龄和性别社会分层.pptVIP

Gender and Social Stratification Gender and Anthropology interest in hierarchical relations between men and women has been a feature of anthropology since its earliest days 19th century evolutionists and their explanations for the rise of culture promiscuous horde gives way to socially organized marriage and kinship, for example Gender and Anthropology anthropology of gender has been key in establishing that sexual inequality is not a biological fact but instead and cultural and historical one development of the study of sex, sexuality and gender in anthropology Anthropology of Women early 1970s attention to the lack of women in standard ethnographies Anthropology of Gender challenged the basis for understanding social roles of male and female Feminist Anthropology challenged the biological basis of sex and sexuality and the foundations of anthropology as it had been done SEX, SEXUALITY, GENDER not the same thing all societies distinguish between males and females a very few societies recognize a third, sexually intermediate category SEX differences in biology Socially culturally marked the body is simultaneously a physical and symbolic artifact, both naturally and culturally produced, anchored in a particular historical moment (Scheper-Hughes Lock) The “Four Bodies” Individual body The social body The body politic The mindful body The Individual Body lived experience of the body-self, body, mind, matter, psyche, soul The Social Body representational uses of the body as a natural symbol with which to think about nature, society, culture The Body Politic regulation, surveillance, control of bodies (individual collective) in reproduction sexuality, in work leisure, in sickness other forms of deviance The Mindful Body the most immediate, the proximate terrain where social truths and social contradictions are played out a locus of personal and social resistance, creativity, and struggle emotions form the mediatrix between the individual, social and political