托福词句整理大汇总.docx

Hunting and the Setting of Inner EurasiaWords PhrasesInner Eurasia：内部的欧亚大陆Eurasia=Europe+Asiarefer to：指的是systematic colonization of parts of Inner Eurasia：内部欧亚大陆部分地区的系统性的人类移民定居colonization：指移民定居=settlementThe long, cold, arid winters of this region’s steppes (grass covered plains) posed two distinctive problems for human settlers.Arid：adj. 干旱的Semiarid： adj. 半干旱的Posed two distinctive problems: 构成两个不同的难题Pose：v. 提出，造成(威胁、问题)=presentDistinctive：adj. 与众不同的，独特的Presumably their ability to scavenge animal carcasses meant that they could use skins or furs for warmth. Presumably：adv. 据推测地Presume=assume： v. 推测Scavenge：捡破烂;拾荒;(从废弃物中)觅食，寻找?If people or animals?scavenge for?things, they collect them by searching among waste or unwanted objects.Carcass: ?n. 动物的尸体残骸A?carcass?is the body of a dead animalHowever, there are no signs of hearths before about 200,000 years ago. Hearth：n. 灶台，火炉This suggests that humans used fire opportunistically and had not yet domesticated it enough to survive the harsh winters of Ice Age Inner Eurasia.Domesticate：v. 驯养，驯服Dome：n. 圆屋顶区别：dominate：v. 统治，主导Harsh winters：严酷的冬天trickier problem：棘手的问题，难以解决的问题Humans could not exploit the abundant grasses of the steppes, and most of the edible plants died off in winter.Exploit：v. 开发利用=utilize=make use ofSteppe: 干草原The edible plants: 可食的植物Animals, unlike plants, can evade predators and may even fight back.Evade predators：躲避捕猎者衍生：inevitable：adj. 不可躲避的，不可避免的=unavoidablehunting gear: 打猎装备the choice of companions：伙伴的选择the maintenance of communications with neighbors：与邻居交流联系的维持fatal： adj. 致命的=deadlyclarify group identity：表明群体身份Internally, groups may split for long periods as hunting parties travelling over great distances.Internally：adv. 从内在来看Split：v. 分裂All in all, each group has to exist and survive in several distinct configurations.Configuration：n.安排;格局;布局?A?configuration?is an arrangement of a group of thingsSyntaxAccording to the formulation of archaeologist Lewis Binford, in a typical hunter/collector food-gathe