a bi-level probabilistic transmission planning with intermittent generations based on life cycle cost文档.pdf

Electrical Power and Energy Systems 90 (2017) 306–314 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Electrical Power and Energy Systems journal homepage: www.else /locate/ijepes A bi-level probabilistic transmission planning with intermittent generations based on life cycle cost Lei Gan a, Gengyin Li a, Jeremy Lin b,⇑,1, Ming Zhou a a State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China b PJM Interconnection, Audubon, PA 19403, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: With the growing development of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, trans- Received 19 October 2015 mission planners are faced with uncertainly varying generations and resultant probabilistic power flow. A Received in revised form 9 November 2016 bi-level programming model is proposed to coordinate the process of decision making and reliability Accepted 25 January 2017 assessment. Based on the concept of life cycle cost (LCC), its minimization can be defined as the objective function of a transmission planner. This upper level problem needs to be solved jointly with the lower probabilistic optimal power flow problem of minimizing the load shedding in the system. Hence the Keywords: bi-level problem is transformed into a Mathematical Programming with Equi