北交大-交通安全1.ppt

TRANSPORTATION SAFETY Chapter 1 Introduction * A. General Facts Some Data - 42,116 lives (traffic related fatalities) and more than 3 million traffic related injuries in 2001. - Transportation accidents are the seventh single leading cause of death in the United States. - Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for people for every age from 4 through 33 years old (based on 1998 data). - Transportation crashes remain the leading cause of accidental death (Tables 1 and 2). - Motor vehicle collisions account for more than about 90 percent of transportation-related deaths and an even higher percentage of transportation injuries. * 2. Some Issues - The highest priority is to “Promote public health and safety by working toward the elimination of transportation-related deaths, injuries and property damage” - Safety rate is usually used for crash analysis. Safety rates are estimated by dividing the number of events (crashes, fatalities, injuries, etc) by some measure of exposure or subgroup (population, number of trips, vehicle miles traveled, registered vehicles, driver licensed, etc). - Reduction in fatality rates may be mainly attributed to improvements in the vehicle systems, better education, higher efficiencies of the emergency management systems, increased law enforcement, and better transportation policies. - Special concerns – Transportation to and from schools, pedestrian and bicycle, special population groups, transportation data needs, security of transportation systems against crime and terrorism, international trends in road safety, etc. * B. Some Safety Concerns 1. Transportation of School Children - School bus safety has received the most notice, but other issues such as safety of school children transported by cars, by transit, or while walking or biking to school are also keys. - Leading modes of school transportation according to the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) by DOT – 1995 (POV – 50%, school bus