油页岩研究硕士毕业论文.doc

摘　　要 油页岩是一种重要的化石能源，其储量巨大，是石油和天然气的重要替代能源。合理地开发利用油页岩，对弥补能源资源不足，缓解国家石油短缺具有极为特殊的战略意义。对油页岩热解及燃烧的动力学进行研究是保证油页岩优化转化的前提，也是油页岩综合开发利用工作的基础。 本文从油页岩能源利用的角度出发，对油页岩的热解及燃烧动力学特性进行了全面深入的理论分析与试验研究。利用热重分析法(TGA)对桦甸和茂名五个不同矿区的油页岩热解动力学特性进行了研究，采用等转化率法求取了油页岩热解反应的表观活化能，并在此基础上对油页岩热解的反应机理进行了求取，得到了油页岩热解的动力学三因子，结果发现油页岩在热解过程中活化能不是一个定值，热解的机理复杂，主要以成核机制所控制；本文在热重分析仪上进行了油页岩燃烧试验，采用单扫描速率法和等转化率法得到了油页岩燃烧反应的表观活化能。两种方法的求解结果均表明油页岩燃烧过程分两个阶段，燃烧前期活化能低于燃烧后期。等转化率法分析认为油页岩燃烧是一个复杂的多步反应过程，C-R法假设的反应机理存在问题，本文对两种方法的可靠性作了客观的评价；利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)得到了油页岩及其半焦燃烧过程中的吸放热情况，并比较了不同升温速率下油页岩及其半焦燃烧的DSC曲线，同时利用等转化率法对放热段进行了动力学分析。研究结果为进一步开发利用油页岩资源奠定了理论基础。 关键词　油页岩　热解　燃烧　等转化率法　动力学 Abstract Oil shale, as one of the important fossil fuels, has a great deal of resources. It is the important replacement of oil and natural gas. The reasonable exploitation and utilization of it has the special strategic significance to make up the deficiency of energy resource and alleviate the energy crisis. It is the foundation of oil shale optimize conversion that the pyrolysis and combustion kinetics characteristics was studied. In the paper, the pyrolysis and combustion kinetics characteristics of oil shale samples are investigated by theoretical and experimental analysis. Proximate analysis and ultimate analysis were conducted. The pyrolysis behavior of Huadian and Maoming oil shale samples was studied on the thermogravimetric analysis (TG，DTG) at different heating rates under the nitrogen environment. The apparent activation energy in pyrolysis reactions of oil shale samples has been analyzed by three kinds of iso-conversional methods. The Sestak’s complex mechanism was used to fit liner for pyrolysis reaction mechanism of oil shale, and the decomposition mechanism and frequency factior were obtained. The results showed that the activation energy was not a constant throughout the reaction process, and oil shale pyrolytic mechanism was complex and mainly attributed to the nuclear mechanism. Furthermore, non-isothermal thermogravimetric combustion experiments