电动机节能技术的研究-毕业论文.doc

PAGE 摘要 根据测量，油田用抽油机大部分时间在空抽、电机均在轻载状态下运行，电机效率和功率因数都比较低，造成大量电能浪费。为此，依据铜耗等于铁耗时，电动机效率、功率因数最高，最省电原理，设计一种抽油机电机自动控制的节能装置。采用电动机调压装置，基于模糊控制理论，通过主电路中晶闸管的移相控制调节抽油机电机端电压，进行实时控制。在满足抽油机正常运转的前提下，使电动机工作在铜耗等于铁耗的状态下，提高抽油机电动机的工作效率和功率因数，达到节能降耗的目的。该装置在抽油机的整个工作周期中，不改变电动机的转速，不影响抽油机的采油效率;具有软启动、缺相、过载保护等功能。是油田采油生产中较为理想的电动机控制装置，具有广泛的推广使用价值。 关键词:抽油机;电动机;节能;单片机;铜耗;铁耗 ABSTRACT According to statistics,pomping unit in oilfields are working at empty situation with motor running under light load，so make the motor efficiency and power factor too lower,cause a large amount of electric energy wasting.With Fuzzy control theory and adopting the working voltage of motor the line voltage of pump unit’s motor is a regulated by real time phase–shift control.While meeting the usual running,the working efficiency and power factor are improved，so as to save the electric energy. Moreover, the device will not chang the rotational speed of the motor, during the whole work period of pumping the oil，and do not influent the petroleum production efficiency of the oil pumping machine.The device has the functions of starting softly、lacking phase,overload protection and so on.It is the ideal device of motor controling in the oil field，and has the extensive using value. Keywords:Oil pumping rnachine; Motor; Energy-conservatxan; single–chip microcomputer Copper Losses;Iron Losse 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048832 第1章 前言 PAGEREF _Toc201048832 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048833 1.1 课题来源 PAGEREF _Toc201048833 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048834 1.2 异步电动机的节能措施 PAGEREF _Toc201048834 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048835 1.3 国内外抽油机电动机节能技术发展综述 PAGEREF _Toc201048835 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048836 1.4 本文所做的主要工作 PAGEREF _Toc201048836 \h 7 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048837 1.4.1基本思路：“铜耗=铁耗” PAGEREF _Toc201048837 \h 8 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048838 1.4.2节能装置结构 PAGEREF _Toc201048838 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048839 1.4.3控制回路设计 PAGEREF _Toc201048839 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201048840 1.4.4控制系统软件的设计 PAGEREF _Toc201048840 \h