专四辅导-定语从句.ppt

专四辅导二 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses） 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as, but, than等。 关系副词有： when, where, why等。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。 例如： This is the mountain village I stayed last year. This is the mountain village I visited last year. This is the mountain village I stayed in last year. Ill never forget the days I worked together with you. I will never forget the days I spent in the countryside. Ill never forget the days during I worked together with you. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. where　B. that　 C. on which　D. the one 例1变： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 　　 as,which引导的非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one‘s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it　 3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A. that　 B. which　　C. as　 D. it　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。　(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处 1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(1) As is known to all,