财政学名词解释 英文版.pdf

财政学单词复习 The field of econmics that analyzes government taxation and spending. The document that includes all the federal government’s revenues and expenditures. An annual statement of the costs imposed on the economy by government regulations. (xianzaimeiyoule) Programs whose expenditures are determined by the number of people who qualify, rather than preset budget allocations. The tendency of an individual to consume more of one good and less of another because of a decrease in the price of the former relative to the latter. A good for which demand increases as income increases and demand decreases as income decreases, other things being the same. The effect of a price change on the quantity demanded due exclusively to the fact that the consumer’s income has changed. A measure of the extent to which two events move together. The group of individuals who are subject to the intervention being studied. The comparison group of individuals who are not subject to the intervention being studied. An estimate that conflates the true causal impact with the impact of outside factors. The outcome for people in the treatment group had they not been treated. 1: 财政学单词复习 An empirical study in which individuals are randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. An empirical study that relies on observed data that are not obtained from an experimental setting. The sta