以中国境内几种特殊语言为例-北京大学中国语言学研究中心.PPT

A Theoretical Discussion about Typological Distance in Language Contact and Language Qualitative Change—— Exemplified Using a Number Extraordinary Chinese Languages语言接触的类型差距及语言质变现象的理论探讨—— 以中国境内几种特殊语言为例 Xiaoyu ZENG 曾晓渝 1 Introduction 引言 In China there are a number of extraordinary languages, such as Dao, Ei, Mak and Hui Hui, which independently exist as mother tongues and are passed on through the generations. They are considered extraordinary because they are not the result of the differentiation of one parent language，but in fact the result of close contact between two or more different languages bringing about language qualitative change. Consequently, it is difficult to determine their exact position on a typological tree of languages. 在中国境内存在着一些特殊的语言，比如倒话、诶话、莫语、回辉话等。这些语言是作为母语传承的独立语言，之所以特殊，是因为它们不是由某个祖语继承或分化来的，而是两种（或多种）不同语言深刻接触所导致的语言质变结果，因此难以在语言谱系树中确定它们的地位。 Language qualitative change is different from language decay，it is a form of language transformation. Language qualitative change is a long process. The question is; can the typological differences between two or more closely contacting languages affect the variation that results from contact-induced change? Or, as the typological distance between languages is not uniform, can the size of typological distance between two intensely contact languages be reflected through the results of language qualitative change induced variation in fields such as the phonology, grammar and lexicon? 语言质变是语言转换的表现形式之一。 在语言质变过程中，相互接触的两种（或多种）语言的类型差距是否对接触变异的结果发生作用？或者说，语言类型差距的大小不同，是否会使深度语言接触所发生的语言质变现象在语音、词汇、语法诸方面的结构变异存在指向差别？本文拟通过几种发生质变的特殊语言现象探讨这些问题。 2 The basic characteristics and formative mechanisms of a few extraordinary Chinese languages中国境内几种特殊语言的基本特征及其形成机制 How was the Dao language formed? One school of thought is that the extreme pressure for communication between the two groups led to the formation of Dao as an intermediate language for Han-Tibetan households and after two or three generations it ultimately