Ch05 The International, Political, and Legal Environment(国际营与销学-厦门大学 黄维梁).ppt

Developed by Cool Pictures MultiMedia Presentations Copyright ? 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. The International, Political, and Legal Environment Chapter 5 Political and Legal Environment Home country political and legal environment The Environmental Superfund Intellectual property rights Gray markets Political and Legal Environment Embargoes and sanctions “…government actions to distort the free flow of trade in goods, services, or ideas for adversarial and political purposes. Export Control U.S. export control systems Export Administration Act (Commerce Department) Munitions Control Act (State Department) Determinants for export controls National security, foreign policy, short supply, nuclear nonproliferation. Dual-Use Items Goods used for both military and civilian purposes. Controlled for other purposes. Export license The U.S. Export Control System Determinants for Export Controls National Security Foreign Policy Short Supply Nuclear Nonproliferation Should a Given Product Be Exported To a Given Country To a Given End-user? For a Particular End-user? Decision Steps in the Export Licensing Process Export Controls New Environment Foreign availability of high technology products. Export controls have moved from a “strategic balance” to a ‘tactical balance” approach. Increase in the speed and dissemination of information and innovation. Issue of equipment size. How much of the latest technology is required before a country may engage in dangerous activities. Loosening of mutual bonds between allied nations. Import Controls Tariffs Voluntary restraint agreements Quota systems Administrative problems Monetary and social costs to consumers while benefiting protected groups. Downstream change in the composition of imports to circumvent narrowly defined protectionist measures. The failure of protected firms become more efficient and competitive. International Business Behavior and Regulations Regulating international b