新概念228课笔记.doc

Lesson 28 语法点： 1.关于定语从句 一、概念： 像形容词一样，起修饰的作用，对名词或代词做进一步的修饰。有关系词（关系代词和关系副词）来引导，放在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）的后面，这就是定语从句。 二、引导定语从句的关系代词： who . whom . which . that . whose 等 （1）who指人，在定语从句中做主语，有时可用that替换（尽量不用）eg: The girl who is drinking milk is Linda. 正在喝奶的女孩是琳达。 The boy who often hits me isn’t my brother . 经常打我的男孩不是我哥哥。 (2)whom在定语从句中做宾语，有时可用that 替换（尽量不用）eg: He is the boy whom you saw in the garden yesterday . 他就是你昨天在公园里看到的男孩。 They aren’t the teachers whom you often meet . 他们不是你经常看到的老师。 （3）that指物在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语，有时可与which替换。eg: The doy that is sleeping is mine . 正在睡觉的狗是我的。 This isn’t the book that I have just bought. 这不是我刚刚买的书。 （4）which指物，在定语从句中既可以做主语，也可以做宾语，有时可与that替换。eg: The apple which is in the bag is big . 书包里的苹果是大的。 This is the new pen which he gave me . 这就是他给我的新钢笔。 （5）whose既可以指人又可指物。含义“…的”。在定语从句中做定语，不可省略掉，whose后面必须有名词。 指人时：whose = of whom 指物时：whose = of which eg: 他就是名字叫Jackson的老师。 He is the teacher whose name is Jackson . He is the teacher of whom the name is Jackson . Whose name = of whom the name 所属格 必须加 他就是那个他的书很少被看的作家。 He is the writer whose books are rarely read . He is the writer of whom the books are rarely read . 书皮坏了的那本书是我的。 The book whose cover was broken is mine . The book of which the cover was broken is mine . 包带断了的书包是我弟弟的。 The bag whose handle was broken is my brother’s . The bag of which the handle was broken is my brother’s . 二、关系代词的省略 1. 当关系代词在从句中充当主语时，如果定语从句是进行时态，则可以把关系代词和be动词一同省略掉。 例：正在做饭的女孩是我的妹妹。 The girl cooking is my sister . 此句还可以被解释为现在分词作定语后置。 正在踢足球的男孩是Tom. The boy (who is) playing football is Tom. 正在肯骨头的小狗很胖。 The dog which/that is eating bones is very fat . 2.当关系代词作宾语时，如果前面没有任何介词时，我们可以把关系代词省略掉。eg: 他就是你昨天看到的丑陋的男人。 He is the ugly man whom you saw yesterday . 这就是他买的手表。 This is the watch which /that he bought. 他就是我昨天看到的男人。 He is the man I saw yesterday . 这些就是他给我的橡皮。 These are the erasers he gave me . 四、特殊情况 1．如果先行词是不定代词，关系代词只能用that.做宾语可以被省略。eg: 这就他记得的一切。 This is all (that) he remembered.