电子信息工程专业毕业论文--单片机结合传感器技术智能火灾报警系统_精品.doc

摘 要 随着现代家庭用火、用电量的增加，家庭火灾发生的频率越来越高，火灾报警器也随之被广泛的应用于各种场合。本设计是利用单片机结合传感器技术而开发设计的智能火灾报警系统。设计目的是设计和实现一种分布式智能火灾报警控制系统，实现系统软硬件的组成和实现。论文中主要针对智能火灾报警器系统中的各个组成部件进行了介绍，对它的主控电路和外围设备电路之间的接口技术，还有软件方面进行了重点介绍。 设计以MCS-51单片机为硬件核心实现智能火灾报警系统的设计。文中选用MQ-2型半导体烟雾传感器实现烟雾的检测；选用DS18B20数字温度传感器实现温度的检测；使用ADC0809对MQ-2采集的模拟信号进行A/D转换，以便单片机处理。由于ADC0809的时钟信号通常为500KHz，故而选用74LS74进行分频。单片机处理数据后，与设定的上限值进行比较，超过上限值时，发出指令，实现光报警，达到预期的效果。 关键词Abstract With the modern family the use of fire, electricity consumption increases, households are more frequent fires, fire alarm also will be widely used in various applications. This design is the use of microcomputer with the sensor technology development and design of intelligent fire alarm system. Design purpose is to design and implementation of a distributed intelligent fire alarm control system, and the composition and realization of hardware and software. The main thesis of intelligent fire alarm system of the component parts have been introduced, its main control circuit and peripheral circuits interface between technology and software were also highlighted. Designed to MCS-51 microcontroller core for the hardware realization of intelligent fire alarm system. A selection MQ-2-type semiconductor Smoke Sensors detect smoke; optional digital temperature sensor DS18B20 Temperature measurement; use of the MQ-2 ADC0809 analog signals acquisition A / D converter for single chip processing. As the ADC0809 clock signal is usually 500KHz, Guer 74LS74 for frequency selection. MCU processing data, and set the upper limit comparison, over the limit, give directions, to achieve sound and light alarm, to achieve the desired results. Key words：Fire，MCU，alarm apparatus，ADC0809，sensor 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 目 录 III 第1章 绪 论 1 1.1 火灾报警技术的发展概况 1 1.2 智能火灾报警系统 1 1.3 课题研究的意义 2 1.4本章小结 2 第2章 方案设计 4 2.1 系统的主要功能及原理 4 2.1.1 目的和要求 4 2.1.2系统的工作原理 4 2.2 系统芯片的选择 4 2.2.1 单片机的选择 4 2.2.2 A/D转换器的选择 5 2.2.3 烟雾传感器的选择 5 2.2.4 温度传感器的选择 6 2.3 本章小结 7 2.4 系统的结构原理框图 7 第3章 硬件模块设计 8 3.1 单片机主控处理模块 8 3