10水文第二批实习的报告.doc

《水文测验》实习报告 10级水文与水资源工程（1）班 （第二批全体25人） 安徽·芜湖 大砻坊水文站 2013年6月指导教师：张静怡 何苗苗 指导班干：张安庆 第一组成员（排名不分先后）： 万玉辉（组长） 朱文茜 刘月 周越 鲍庆 石梁 余玲玲 许天首 吴超超 秦阳 陈煜 殷雨晴 王旭东 第二组成员（排名不分先后）： 李娜（组长） 刘欢 朱丹 黄春弟 何仲毅 刘玮 王龙彪 鲁明东 李飞 李进 陆劲松 候泽加 特别鸣谢：安徽省芜湖市水文局大砻坊水文站全体工作人员 责任编辑：万玉辉 李娜 目 录 1、实习流域概况···················································4 1.1 自然地理特征···············································4 1.2 气候与气象概况·············································4 1.3 水利工程概况···············································4 1.4 水系河网 ··················································4 1.5 暴雨洪水概况···············································5 1.6 流域站网设置概况···········································5 2、测站概况·························································5 2.1 流域自然地理概况···········································5 2.2 测站控制及年径流情况·······································6 2.3 设站目的和要求·············································6 2.4 水文特征···················································6 2.5 测站任务···················································6 2.6 测站沿革···················································7 3、测站实习情况概述················································8 3.1 实习成果汇总···············································8 3.2 实习心得体会··············································27 1、实习流域概况 本次水文测验课程实习09级水文二班被安排在长江一级支流青弋江上的大垄坊水文站，现对流域情况与测站情况分别予以介绍。 1.1 自然地理特征 青弋江流域地处长江南岸安徽省东南部，位于东经117o30′～118o45′，北纬30o31′～31o20′之间，发源于黄山山脉的北麓，由南向北汇入长江。大砻坊水文站距下游河口3.0 km，测站以上集水面积7031km2，为青弋江5000～10000 km2控制站，与当涂水文站配合控制了青弋江、水系的大部分水量（漳河瀂港入江口已设站）。测站以上流域坡度为0.054dm/ km2，流域形状系数0.084，河道长度为290km，河道坡度为0.513‰，断面形状呈v型，断面稳定程度良好，水面宽变幅为28.0m～85.2m。 流域上游为山区，中游溪丘陵，下游为圩区或低洼地带，土壤为灰棕壤和石灰性冲积土。上游植被较好，中下游植被较差一些。 1.2 气候与气象概况 青弋江流域属于北亚热带湿润性气候，季风明显，四季分明，雨热同季，流域降水量分布由北向南（由下游向上游）递增，年降水量下游为1100～1300mm。中游为1300～1400mm。上游为1500～1800mm。黄山山区在2000