personality theories--人格理论.ppt

* * The Big Five factors and their constituent traits can be summarized as follows: Openness - (inventive / curious vs. cautious / conservative). Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. 开放性（创造、好奇 vs. 谨慎、保守）：描述了人们好奇、富于想象、好质疑及创造性或是顺从、缺乏想象、可预见的及对新鲜事物感到不舒服的程度。 * * Sample Openness items 1=“与我很符合” 5=“与我根本不符合” ①I have a rich vocabulary. ②I have a vivid imagination. ③I have excellent ideas. ④I spend time reflecting on things. ⑤I use difficult words. ⑥I am not interested in abstractions. (reversed) ⑦I do not have a good imagination. (reversed) ⑧I have difficulty understanding abstract ideas. (reversed） * * Conscientiousness - (efficient /organized vs. easy-going / careless). A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous（自发的） behavior 尽责性（效率高、有组织的 vs. 轻率、粗心）：描述了人负责任或不可靠、不屈不挠或半途而废、坚定踏实或变化无常、整洁或粗心、自律或冲动的程度。 * * Sample Conscientiousness items ①I am always prepared. ②I am exacting in my work对工作很严谨. ③I follow a schedule. ④I get chores琐事 done right away. ⑤I like order. ⑥I pay attention to details. ⑦I leave my belongings around乱放. (reversed) ⑧I make a mess搞乱 of things. (reversed) ⑨I often forget to put things back in their proper place. (reversed) ⑩I shirk逃避 my duties. (reversed） * * Extraversion - (outgoing / energetic vs. shy / withdrawn). Energy, positive emotions, urgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others. 外向性（外向、精力充沛 vs. 害羞、离群）：描述了人们对外部经验的开放及害羞的程度。它包括健谈或沉默寡言、社会化或隐居化、冒险或谨慎、渴望成为引人注目的中心或躲在阴影中这些特质。 * * Sample Extroversion items ①I am the life of the party. ②I dont mind being the center of attention. ③I feel comfortable around people. ④I start conversations. ⑤I talk to a lot of different people at parties. ⑥I am quiet around strangers. (reversed) ⑦I dont like to draw attention to myself. (reversed) ⑧I dont talk a lot. (reversed) ⑨I have little to say. (reversed） * * Agreeableness - (friendly / compassionate