Hemodynamic Disorders - 复旦大学精品课程(-56).ppt

Hemodynamic Disorders Ye Liu （刘 晔） Dept. Pathology, SMC Containing Heart, artery, Vein General circulation Pulmonary circulation Functions Deliver oxygen and nutrients Carry away metabolic wastes Normal homeostasis vessel wall integrity intravascular pressure osmolarity normal hemostasis Edema Hyperemia congestion Thrombosis Embolism Infarction Hemorrhage Shock EDEMA (水肿) Increased fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces General local Pathogenesis Vascular hydrostatic pressure Plasma colloid osmotic pressure Lymphatic drainage EDEMA Increased hydrostatic pressure ( cardiac edema, etc.) Reduced plasma osmotic pressure (nephrotic, hepatic, malnutrient edema, etc. ) Lymphatic obstruction (filariasis infection — elephantiasis，breast surgery, etc ) Sodium and water retention (ARF, etc) EDEMA LM: Clearing and separation of the extracellular matrix elements Cell swelling Subcutaneous edema Pulmonary edema Edema of the brain Hydrothorax hydropericardium hydroperitoneum (ascites) anasarca Clinical correlation from annoying to fatal indicate subtle disease benefit or harmful HYPEREMIA CONGESTION Arterial hyperemia (hyperemia，充血) An augmented blood flow inducing arteriolar and capillary dilation Venous hyperemia (congestion，淤血) Accumulation of Blood in Small Veins and capillaries result from drainage difficulty of veins HYPEREMIA CONGESTION HYPEREMIA Types Physiological: Shy, exercise, taking Meal Pathological: Inflammatory, post-decompressed Significance －Benefits Plenty supply of O2, functional enhancement, nutrition substance － Hazards Headache , hemorrhage, stroke CONGESTION Causes: Systemic: general or pulmonary Cardiac dysfunction (right or left) Local: local venous compression or obstruction External Compression --- Tumor, Bandage Occlusion of lumen --- Thrombosis, Embolism Thickening of veno