英国文学期末复习要点.doc

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf 贝奥武甫(national epic民族史诗)采用了暗喻、押头韵手法。勇士贝奥武甫与怪物格伦德尔搏斗，使其断臂而死。怪物之母为子复仇，又被他追踪杀死。后来他做了国王。一次火龙来犯，他挺身斩龙，伤重而死。人民为他举行了隆重的葬礼。 3、The ancestors of the English are Angles, Saxons and Jutes. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. 1066年诺曼人入侵，带来了欧洲大陆的封建制度，也带来了一批说法语的贵族。古英语受到了统治阶层语言的影响,本身也在起着变化,12世纪后发展为中古英语。文学上也出现了新风尚，盛行用韵文写的骑士传奇，它们歌颂对领主的忠和对高贵妇人的爱，其中艺术性高的有Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士与绿衣骑士。它用头韵体诗写成，内容是古代亚瑟王属下一个“圆桌骑士”的奇遇。 2、传奇：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情，表现骑士为获得荣誉、保护宗教或为了赢得贵妇人的爱情而到处冒险的骑士精神的文学。 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由） 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、the first great poet who wrote in purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言) 3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体 4、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 (英国文学史的开端) 内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体。 特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。The story was endowed with what medieval romance lacked-interest of character as well as incident. 观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 主要故事: ①The Knight’s Tale ②The Pardoner’s Tale ③The Merchant’s Tale ④The Wife of Bath 四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期 1、Background: (Renaissance started in Italy in 14th century) ①工商业、城市的复兴②地理大发现(Geographical Discoveries)、科学技术的发展③海上殖民主义和资本主义生产关系的出现④古希腊罗马文化的发现⑤以城市为中心、以市民为支柱的工商金融体系⑥军事上与西班牙决战 Political: Feudal nobility lost much of their power, with