跨文化交际案例--集体主义文化和个人主义文化.ppt

Taking Cultural Values to Work Case Analysis Cross-cultural Communication Chapter 12 Large and small Power Distance Individualism VS Collectivism Masculinity VS Femininity Strong and weak Uncertainty Avoidance Key Words Study collectivistic culture 集体主义文化 individualistic culture 个人主义文化 relation 关系 independence 独立 equality 平等 personal interest 个人利益 Individualist CulturePK Collectivist Culture  PK 1 Individualist Culture (liberalism): individuals tend to define themselves by the extent to which they are different from, rather than similar to other. People are encouraged to display self-confidence and Assertiveness(自信), disclosure（披露） of personal thoughts and feelings. Collectivist culture (Confucianism): places little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. Going ones own way is not valued; uniformity and conformity are stressed. PK 2 Individualism Collectivism I culture WE culture open discussion of disagreement are valued forms of talk openly speaking one’s mind appears distasteful seek the notice of others; affirm their uniqueness open expression risks face guarding privacy; valuing freedom to do and think whatever they choose the right to privacy in the sense of freedom is not recognized live life guided only by principles such as equality and noninterference one’s business is also the business of the group; friends should be concerned with each other’s personal matters Five Basic Themes in Individualist Culture 1. There is a tendency for foreigners to treat strangers as equals, seen in the politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their willingness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. 2. There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners needs for their own privacy and autonomy and in the freedom they give to children. 3. There is a lack of inhibition (压抑) on the part of foreigners in terms of expressive behaviors, seen in their lack