定语从句 正误例析.doc

定语从句中常见错误例析 在使用定语从句过程中,有些学生往往会出现这样或那样的错误.为避免这些错误,现对一些常见错误作以归纳： 1 从句中多余宾语 [误] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. [正] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth. 上例中,关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,可省去,因此,从句中宾语it多余. 2 从句中缺少主语 [误] He is the professor gave us a speech yesterday. [正] He is the professor who gave us a speech yesterday. 关系代词who 或that在定语从句中做主语不能省略,否则,句子结构不完整. 3 从句中主谓不一致 [误]I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you. [正]I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you. 定语从句中,关系代词做主语时,应注意主谓一致,也就是说,根据先行词的人称和数来确定从句中谓语动词的形式.如：- I just spoke to the doctor who is an eye specialist. He was the only one of youngest girls who plays in the band. 4搭配错误 [误]Don’t talk about such things that you do not understand. [正]Don’t talk about such things as you do not understand. 在such…as结构中,as所引导的中定语从句时,不能用其它关系代词代替,但在the same…as结构中,如属同类则用as,如: 如You’ve made the same mistake as I did ,not changed ,not another or others作之意时,则需用that，如You’ve made the same mistake that you made last time。 5关系代词误用 （1） what与that误用 [误]All what she could do was to go back home. [正]All that she could do was to go back home. what一词不能引导定语从句.当先行词是all时,应用关系词that引导定语从句,另外,有些复合不定代词（如nothing everything:等）作先行词,或先行词受形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,关系代词常用that而不用which.如::They asked him to tell them everything that he saw in the factory. （2） Who与 whom误用 [误]The citizens ,most of who were e workers ,welcomed the new mayor. [正]The citizens ,most of whom were workers ,welcomed the new mayor. 关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰人时用Whom;同样,关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰物时用 which 如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms （3） that与which误用 [误]Tom ’s dog, that was very old now, became ill and died, [正]Tom’s dog, which was very old now , became ill and died 非限制定语从句,用关系代词which引导. （4） that 与who误用 [误]They talked about an hour of things and persons who they’re membered in the school. [正]They talked about an hour of things and persons that they’re membered in the school. 先行