before用法总结.doc

“before”的用法及练习 ????高三课本第十五单元，INTER GATING SKILLS 和 WORKBOOK READING部分有如下的句子： ????⒈The shop was successful，but it was about sixty years before people started to buy jeans for fashion as well as for work. ????⒉However，it probably will not be long before the other mountainous areas of China such as Sichuan，Xinjiang and Yunnan are developed，and as more facilities become available，prices will almost certainly fall. ????其中涉及到before的用法，下面就其用法进行总结。 ????一、可以用作介词 ????⒈)指时间上早于，在……之前，如： ????She has lived here since before the war. ????她从战前就一直在这儿住。 ????⒉)指位置在前面，如： ????We knelt down before Grandma‘s grave. ????我们在奶奶的墓前跪下。 ????⒊)指顺序或排列在之前，如： ????Your name comes before mine on the list. ????名单上你的名字在我之前。 ????⒋)在某人面前，如： ????She said it before the witness. ????他是当着证人的面说的。 ????二、作为连词 ????其基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具体用法如下： ????⒈)与情态动词can/could连用 ????这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”，如： ????Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. ????我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。 ????Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terribl eroar. ????她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。 ????⒉)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才” ????We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands. ????我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。 ????We waited a long time before the train arrived. ????我们等了很长时间火车才到。 ????⒊)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到……就”如： ????We hadn‘t run a mile before he felt tired. ????我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。 ????⒋)主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就” ????这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before如： ????We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang. ????我们刚到学校铃声就响了。 ????⒌)有时还有“宁愿”的意思 ????I‘d shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。 ????⒍)用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型 ????在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。 ????若主句是一般时将来时态，从句是一般现在时.若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”；若主句是否定形式翻译成“用不了多久就”。 ????It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal. ????两周之后一切才能恢复正常。 ????It will be many years before the situation improves. ????这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。 ????It won‘t be l