口腔颌面外科学（中山大学）口外常见考点总结.docVIP

口外常见考点总结 Presented by Kurtis.D in 2011 Part 1, introduction of maxillofacial surgery Oral maxillofacial surgery: Oral maxillofacial surgery is an important branch of medical science and stomatology, to study oral organs, facial soft tissue, maxillofacial bones,temporomandibular joint, salivary gland and neck disease. Part 2, examination Group of cervical lymphoid nodes Plane Area Group Position Ⅰ Ⅰ Submental, submandibular In the submental and submandibular triangle Ⅱ Ⅱ Superior deep cervical From basis cranii to carotid artery bifurcation, along the internal jugular vein Ⅲ Ⅲ Middle deep cervical From carotid artery bifurcation to the cross between omohyoid and internal jugular vein, along the internal jugular vein Ⅳ Ⅳ Inferior deep cervical Inferior of omohyoid, along the internal jugular vein Ⅴ Ⅴ Posterior cervical triangle Posterior cervical triangle Ⅵ Ⅵ Anterior cervical Inferior and lateral trachea, around thyroid gland Part 3, anesthesia Analgesia: It is the absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness. Anesthesia: Disappear of all consciousness, It is a pharmacologically induced and reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes or decreased fight-or-flight response, or all simultaneously. Infiltration anesthesia: It is a technique that injecting drugs into tissue to block nerve termination to achieve anesthesia. Block anesthesia: It is a technique that injecting drugs into nerve trunk to block an area to achieve anesthesia. Syncope: It is a sudden and temporary unconsciousness. It can be seen in complication of local anesthesia. Horner syndrome: a syndrome caused by paralysis of cervical sympathetic nerve. There are a series of symptoms：narrow pupil, red face, dry skin, etc. Dose of common local anesthesia drug MDR Mg/kg H.L Soft tissue Relative potency Perative toxicity 4% articaine 7 45 120-150 1.5 1.5 2% lidocaine (plain) 4.4 96 90-120 2 2 2% lidocaine (vasconstri) 4.4 96 180-300 2