宁波大学《管理学原理》管理学原理 复习资料.pdfVIP

International Business Management Midterm Study  Vocabulary to Know: Chapter 1  managers Individuals in an organization who direct the activities of others.  operatives People who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others.  organization A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose. Every organization has: Goals Structure People. (Common Characteristics)  Goals – the purpose of the company  Structure – rules and regulations, writing job descriptions  People – make decisions and perform tasks to achieve the goal  management The process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people.  efficiency Means doing the task correctly, refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs; seeks to minimize resource costs.  effectiveness Means doing the right tasks; goal attainment. Chapter 2  parochialism Refers to a narrow focus in which one sees things solely through one ’s own view and from one’s own perspective.  technology Any equipment, tools, or operating methods that are designed to make work more efficient. Using Technology  Integrate technology into a process for changing inputs into outputs.  Serve customers, enhance production, provide better information to decision makers.  e-commerce Any computer transaction that occurs when data are processed and transmitted over the Internet. E-Organizations: – E-commerce (sales side of electronic business) – E-business: all activities included in a successful internet-based enterprise