公共行政学经典(第五版)翻译和考试重点.doc

公共行政学经典 （第五版） Classics of Public Administration ——————翻译和考试重点 山东工商学院版 P25 nothing but the spirit of that time expressed in abstract thought 任何时代的哲学都不过是用抽象的思维所表现的那个时代的精神。 P30 The object of administrative study is to rescue executive methods from the confusion and costliness of empirical experiment and set them upon foundations laid deep in stable principle. 行政管理研究的目的就是在于把行政方法从经验性实验的混乱和浪费中拯救出来。并使它们深深植根于稳定的原则上。 P31 To be efficient it must discover the simplest arrangements by which responsibility can be unmistakably fixed upon officials; the best way of dividing authority without hampering it, and responsibility without obscuring it. 为了获得办事效率必须找到一种最为简单的安排，通过这种安排可以使官员准确无误地承担责任，必须找到不给权力带来损害的最佳分权方式，找到不会导致责任模糊的最佳责任分担方式。 P33 But as superintending the greater forces of formative policy alike in politics and administration, public criticism is altogether safe and beneficent, altogether indispensable. 无论是在政治还是在行政方面，当对制定基本政策的更为较大的力量进行监督时，公众的批评则是完全安全而且有益的，是完全不可缺少的。 P33 The ideal for us is a civil service cultured and self-sufficient enough to act with sense and vigor, and yet so intimately connected with the popular thought, by means of elections and constant public counsel, as to find arbitrariness or class spirit quite out of the question. 我们的理想模式是通过某种方式建立一个有文化教养和自立精神的文官制度，它完全有理智地开展活动，同时与公众的思想保持着非常紧密的联系，这种方式就是选举和经常性公开协商，它可以彻底排出武断和降级态度。 P37 The Century Dictionary speaks of it as: “The duty or duties of the administrator; specifically, the executive functions of government, consisting in the exercise of all the powers and duties of government, both general and local, which are neither legislative nor judicial.” 行政人员的职责是责任，特别是政府的执行职能。它包括政府整体的和局部的所有的权力和职责的形式，它既不是立法的，也不是司法的。 P39 背 Finally, popular government requires that it is the executing authority which shall be subordinated to the expressing authority, since the latter in the nature of things can be made much more representative of the people than can the executing authority. 民治的政府要求执行机构必须服从表达机构，后者理所当然地功能表达人民。 P52 官僚制的特征 1. T